2 Samuel 16:8

Authorized King James Version

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The LORD hath returned upon thee all the blood of the house of Saul, in whose stead thou hast reigned; and the LORD hath delivered the kingdom into the hand of Absalom thy son: and, behold, thou art taken in thy mischief, because thou art a bloody man.

Original Language Analysis

הֵשִׁיב֩ hath returned H7725
הֵשִׁיב֩ hath returned
Strong's: H7725
Word #: 1 of 23
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
עָלֶ֨יךָ H5921
עָלֶ֨יךָ
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 2 of 23
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
יְהוָה֙ The LORD H3068
יְהוָה֙ The LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 3 of 23
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
כֹּ֣ל׀ H3605
כֹּ֣ל׀
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 4 of 23
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
דָּמִ֖ים because thou art a bloody H1818
דָּמִ֖ים because thou art a bloody
Strong's: H1818
Word #: 5 of 23
blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshe
בֵית of the house H1004
בֵית of the house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 6 of 23
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
שָׁא֗וּל of Saul H7586
שָׁא֗וּל of Saul
Strong's: H7586
Word #: 7 of 23
shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites
אֲשֶׁ֤ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֤ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 8 of 23
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
מָלַ֙כְתָּ֙ in whose stead thou hast reigned H4427
מָלַ֙כְתָּ֙ in whose stead thou hast reigned
Strong's: H4427
Word #: 9 of 23
to reign; hence (by implication) to take counsel
תַּחְתָּ֔ו H8478
תַּחְתָּ֔ו
Strong's: H8478
Word #: 10 of 23
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
וַיִּתֵּ֤ן hath delivered H5414
וַיִּתֵּ֤ן hath delivered
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 11 of 23
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
יְהוָה֙ The LORD H3068
יְהוָה֙ The LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 12 of 23
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 13 of 23
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה the kingdom H4410
הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה the kingdom
Strong's: H4410
Word #: 14 of 23
something ruled, i.e., a realm
בְּיַ֖ד into the hand H3027
בְּיַ֖ד into the hand
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 15 of 23
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
אַבְשָׁל֣וֹם of Absalom H53
אַבְשָׁל֣וֹם of Absalom
Strong's: H53
Word #: 16 of 23
abshalom, a son of david; also (the fuller form) a later israelite
בְּנֶ֑ךָ thy son H1121
בְּנֶ֑ךָ thy son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 17 of 23
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
וְהִנְּךָ֙ H2005
וְהִנְּךָ֙
Strong's: H2005
Word #: 18 of 23
lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if
בְּרָ֣עָתֶ֔ךָ and behold thou art taken in thy mischief H7451
בְּרָ֣עָתֶ֔ךָ and behold thou art taken in thy mischief
Strong's: H7451
Word #: 19 of 23
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
כִּ֛י H3588
כִּ֛י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 20 of 23
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
אִ֥ישׁ man H376
אִ֥ישׁ man
Strong's: H376
Word #: 21 of 23
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
דָּמִ֖ים because thou art a bloody H1818
דָּמִ֖ים because thou art a bloody
Strong's: H1818
Word #: 22 of 23
blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshe
אָֽתָּה׃ H859
אָֽתָּה׃
Strong's: H859
Word #: 23 of 23
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

Analysis & Commentary

The LORD hath returned upon thee all the blood of the house of Saul, in whose stead thou hast reigned; and the LORD hath delivered the kingdom into the hand of Absalom thy son: and, behold, thou art taken in thy mischief, because thou art a bloody man.

This verse contributes to the narrative of David's Humiliation, emphasizing suffering within God's sovereignty. David's humiliation through Shimei's cursing and Ziba's deception tests his faith in God's sovereignty. His refusal to punish Shimei demonstrates trust that God controls even unjust accusations. Ahithophel's counsel and Absalom's public sin with David's concubines fulfill Nathan's prophecy (12:11-12). Theological themes include suffering within God's sovereign plan, responding to unjust accusations with faith, and the full exposure of hidden sin.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 16 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding suffering within God's sovereignty provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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